Even if he does none of these things, don’t call him free just yet, acquaint yourself with his judgements, in case they show any sign of constraint, disappointment or disaffection. And if you find him so disposed, call him a slave on holiday at the Saturnalia. Say that his master is away; when he returns, the man’s true condition will be made plain to you.
Discourses 4.1.58
Today’s meditation
The underlying Stoic issue here is the nature of true freedom. As Epictetus notes in [Discourses 4.1.58], a person's actions may not be the only indicator of their freedom.
This passage reveals that true freedom is not just about external circumstances, but also about one's internal state. It suggests that even if someone appears to be free, they may still be a "slave" to their own negative emotions and judgments, such as constraint, disappointment, or disaffection.
To live well, one must examine their own judgments and emotions, recognizing that true freedom lies in the ability to think and act virtuously, regardless of external circumstances. Someone can apply this insight today by taking a moment to reflect on their own thoughts and feelings, asking themselves: Are there any areas where I feel constrained, disappointed, or disaffected?
By acknowledging and addressing these internal limitations, one can begin to cultivate a deeper sense of freedom and live more in accordance with their values. As you go about your day, consider: What is one judgment or emotion that you can let go of, in order to live more freely?