It is a universal law – have no illusions – that every creature alive is attached to nothing so much as to its own self-interest. Whatever threatens to stand in the way of that -be it brother, father, child or sweetheart – he will hate, curse and prosecute, [16] because he is naturally disposed to favour primarily his own interest. This is his father, his brother, his relations, his country and his god. [17] If we believe the gods to be hostile to our individual interest, then we are as ready to turn on them as on the others, knocking their statues over and burning down their temples. Witness Alexander, who ordered the shrines of Asclepius torched after his beloved died.
Discourses 2.22.15
Today’s meditation
The underlying Stoic issue here is the universality of self-interest and its potential to conflict with virtues like compassion and justice. As Epictetus notes, "every creature alive is attached to nothing so much as to its own self-interest" (Discourses 2.22.15). This reveals that humans are naturally disposed to prioritize their own interests, often at the expense of others.
This insight can help us live well by recognizing the inherent selfishness in human nature and taking steps to mitigate its negative consequences. We can apply this insight today by being aware of our own self-interest and how it may influence our actions and decisions. As we navigate our relationships and interactions, we should strive to balance our own interests with the well-being of others, cultivating virtues like empathy and fairness.
To apply this insight practically, consider the following guidance: when faced with a decision or conflict, ask yourself whether your actions are driven by a genuine concern for others or solely by self-interest. Recognize that it is natural to prioritize your own interests, but also acknowledge the importance of considering the impact of your actions on those around you. By doing so, you can work to align your self-interest with the greater good, fostering more harmonious relationships and a stronger sense of community.
As you reflect on this passage, you may want to consider the following question: What is one situation today where you can consciously choose to balance your self-interest with the well-being of others, and how might you go about doing so in a way that aligns with your values and principles?