Then whenever you see someone grovel before another, or flatter them insincerely, you can safely assume that that person is not free – and not just if a meal is at stake, but even when they abase themselves for the sake of a governorship or consulship. In fact, you can call the people who behave that way for small gains petty slaves, while the latter deserve to be called slaves on a grand scale.
Discourses 4.1.55
Today’s meditation
The underlying Stoic issue here is the pursuit of external validation and the loss of freedom that comes with it. As Epictetus notes, "you can safely assume that that person is not free" when they grovel or flatter others insincerely, even for significant gains like a governorship or consulship (Discourses 4.1.55).
This passage reveals that living well requires maintaining one's independence and integrity, rather than compromising them for external rewards or recognition. It highlights the importance of being mindful of one's motivations and actions, ensuring that they align with one's values and principles.
To apply this insight today, consider the situations in which you may be tempted to compromise your values or integrity for external gain. Ask yourself: "Am I seeking validation or approval from others, and if so, what am I willing to sacrifice for it?" Reflecting on this question can help you identify areas where you may be acting like a "petty slave" or a "slave on a grand scale," and make conscious choices to prioritize your freedom and integrity instead.
As you navigate your daily interactions, remember that true freedom lies in being able to act in accordance with your values and principles, without being swayed by external pressures or desires. By cultivating this inner strength and independence, you can live a more authentic and virtuous life.